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1. Climate as a Public Interest in Planning and Zoning
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2. Characteristics and Forms of the Urban Climate
2.1 Overview 
2.2 Urban Heat Budget
2.3 Heat Islands 
2.4 Humidity / Precipitation / Vegetation 
2.5 Wind
2.6 Bioclimate
2.7 Air Exchange
2.8 Pollutant Emissions
2.8.1 The Road as Pollutant Source
2.8.2 The Automobile as Pollutant Source
2.8.3 Computational Estimation of Traffic Immissions
2.9 Pollutant Levels and Threshold Values
2.10 Smog
2.11 Effect of Pollutants
2.12 Global Aspects of Climate (Think Global, Act Local)
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3. Energy-Conscious Planning and Zoning
3.1 Overview
3.2 The Sun as Energy Source
3.2.1 Global Radiation
3.2.2 Solar geometry
3.2.3 Aids for the Study of Sunlight Conditions
3.2.4 Daytime Lighting
3.3 Air Temperature as Influence on Energy-Conscious Planning
3.3.1 Characteristic Values for Describing Thermal Levels
3.3.2 Local Climate Criteria
3.4 Wind as Influence on Energy-Conscious Planning
3.4.1 Wind Statistics
3.4.2 Consequences of Wind Statistics
3.4.3 Increase in Wind Velocity with Height
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4. Methods of Information Acquisition for Planning
(Nature measurements, Wind tunnels, Modelling)
4.1 Measurements
4.1.1 Stationary Measurements
4.1.2 Mobile Measurements
4.1.3 Tracer Experiments
4.1.4 Vertical Soundings
4.2 The Wind Tunnel as a Tool for Planning
4.2.1 Overview
4.2.2 The Wind Tunnel as Study Method
4.2.2.1 Visualizing Air Flows with Smoke
4.2.2.2 Visualizing the Dispersal of Pollutants with Smoke
4.2.2.3 Wind Velocity Measurements through Sand Erosion
4.2.2.4 Quantitative Survey of Airflow via Hot-Wire Anemometer
4.2.2.5 Measurement of Concentration Distribution in Dispersal Experiments
4.2.3 Example Use – Wind Comfort Scenario
4.2.3.1 Problem Definition
4.2.3.2 Methods
4.2.3.3 Planning-Relevant Results
4.2.4 Example Use – Small-Scale Dispersal (Tunnel Ventilation) Scenario
4.2.4.1 Problem Definition
4.2.4.2 Methods
4.2.4.3 Relevant Results for Planning
4.2.5 Example Use – Ventilation Scenario (Expansion of an Earth Dump)
4.2.5.1 Problem Definition
4.2.5.2 Methods
4.2.5.3 Relevant Results for Planning
4.2.6 Locations of Wind Tunnels
4.3. Numerical Modeling as Planning Aid
4.3.1 The Digital Elevation Model (DEM) as Aid for Climatic Questions in Planning
4.3.2 The Wind Field Model DIWIMO
4.3.3 The Cold-Air Flow Model KALM
4.3.4 The Micro-Scale Model MISKAM
4.3.5 The Model STREET for Estimating Traffic-Produced Pollution
4.3.6 The Model MLuS-92 for Calculating Pollutant Dispersal on Roads Without Dense Peripheral Development
4.3.7 The Model PROKAS for Calculating Air Pollution on Roads
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5. Climatic and Air Hygiene Maps as Aids for Planning and Zoning (Example: Climate Atlas of the Stuttgart Regional Federation)
5.1 Introduction
5.2 Infrared Thermography
5.3 Meteorological Base Maps
5.4 Air-Hygienic Maps
5.5 Climate Analysis Maps
5.6 Maps with Recommendations for Planning
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6. Recommendations for Planning
6.1 Preservation and Acquisition of Green Space
6.1.1 Landscape and Open-Space Control Plan
6.1.2 Benchmarks for Describing "Green" Uses
6.1.3 Avoidance of Soil Capping; Green Spaces and Water
6.1.4 Roof Greening
6.1.5 Façade Greening
6.2 Securing the Local Air Exchange
6.2.1 Cold Air Production
6.2.2 Fresh Air Supply
6.2.3 Green Corridors
6.2.4 Advantageous Forms of Development
6.3 Measures for Air Pollution Control
6.3.1 Industrial and Commercial Areas
6.3.2 Home Heating
6.3.3 Traffic
6.4 Planning-Related Urban Climate Studies
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7. Literature
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8. Thematic Internet Addresses
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Climate Booklet for Urban Development Online
© Ministry of Economy Baden-Württemberg in cooperation
with Environmental Protection Department of Stuttgart
 
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