| 6. |
Recommendations for Planning . |
||
|
|||
.
|
6.4 Planning-Related Urban Climate Studies Air-hygienic and meteorological studies can provide significant support to solutions to planning problems. Meteorological measurements as well as the other study methods introduced in Chapter 4 require appropriate operational timeframes. Thus a series of stationary climatic measurements should include each meteorological season, thereby comprising at least one year. Beyond that, there is also the time needed for evaluating the results. Various time requirements come into consideration for other methods, such as the time for model construction (wind tunnel), waiting for suitable weather conditions (tracer gas studies; ambulatory measurements), the obtaining of permission for access to the study area or for setting up measurement instruments, as well as the preparation of useable maps or databases for model calculations. In order to avoid
delays in the progression of planning processes resulting from
ongoing appraisals, the necessity of planning-related studies
should be recognized at the proper time. If systematic base data
for the local climate are procured in time, the working periods
are usually shortened considerably. In addition there is the
large advantage of obtaining information about local conditions
and restrictions from climatic and air-hygienic maps already in
place for a planning area, thus determining the climatic
relevance of the process. As a rule, only very minor changes in local climate arise as a consequence of development. These are recognized under isolated view of the concrete measures near the detection limits or within the area of the natural spatial and temporal ranges of the climatic parameters. The reference to the total climatic effect on existing buildings does not indicate an admittance of the meaninglessness of a planning process, but is rather a thoroughly factual argument in view of the real appearance of the "urban climate." Small-scale changes in the climate resulting from a change in land use have a relevant meaning only when they can be combined with the terms "advantageous" or "disadvantageous." Since a universally accepted appraisal of climate does not exist, it is difficult to judge whether climatic incompatibilities can be expected to result from a planning process. As shown in expert practice, on the contrary such processes often concern very discrete issues such as yield losses of frost-sensitive special plants through cold air blockage. Decreased monetary values of property because of neighborhood effects or because of the "theft" of light, air, and sun are also frequent causes of neighborhood complaints. Various meteorological disciplines can thus contribute to an expert clarification of the circumstances:
Strategic Environmental Assessment (SEA) ( SEA Directive 2001/42/EC) The purpose of the SEA-Directive of the EU is to ensure that environmental consequences of certain plans and programmes are identified and assessed during their preparation and before their adoption. The public and environmental authorities can give their opinion and all results are integrated and taken into account in the course of the planning procedure. After the adoption of the plan or programme the public is informed about the decision and the way in which it was made. In the case of likely transboundary significant effects the affected Member State and its public are informed and have the possibility to make comments which are also integrated into the national decision making process. SEA will contribute to more transparent planning by involving the public and by integrating environmental considerations. This will help to achieve the goal of sustainable development. |
| . | |
|
|
|
|
|
|
| Fig. 6/26b:
Climatic investigation Frei- burg, (RICHTER & RÖCKLE, 2003) |
|
|
