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Methods of Information Acquisition
for Planning (Nature measurements, Wind tunnels, Modelling) |
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4.3.4 The
Micro-Scale Model MISKAM
The program MISKAM (EICHHORN, 1996; VDI 3782, Section 8) is one of the most complex representatives of an entire series of micro-scale models. MISKAM is a three-dimensional flow and dispersal model for the small-scale prognosis of wind distributions and emissions concentrations in streets and city quarters. MISKAM permits the explicit handling of buildings and dense development along the periphery of streets, so that the particularities of air flow in the vicinity of buildings can be simulated. Pollutant sources as point or line sources can be distributed throughout the model area at will. MISKAM’s application lies in the area of small-scale prognoses with scales up to 100 m. MISKAM is thus specially suited for questions of street and city planning. A windows version in the form of WINMISKAM was recently released. Figure 4/36 and Figure 4/37 show examples of calculations with the model MISKAM. Figure 4/36 depicts the flow field from a southwesterly air flow. The unique characteristic of this location is the presence of both plaza spaces and narrow streets, which leads to strong localized changes with partial counter-directions in the air flow. The black surfaces represent lighting domes for a future underground train station. Figure 4/37 shows the average NO2 distribution produced by automobile traffic in the area mentioned above. This MISKAM prognosis takes into consideration future traffic densities, changes in the exhaust of vehicles expected in the year 2010, the planned alterations to the urban structure, and thus the altered dispersal conditions in the vicinity of the streets. In these results the flow fields are weighted according to the frequency of differing incident flows. |
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